Changing Lives One Smile at a Time, Spreading Smile Volunteerism

Wednesday May 30, 2012

There will have a free operation for children have born with abnormal mouth shape or by various accidents. Operation Smile Organization cooperated with group of volunteering Medical Doctors from Singapore will held it at Kampong Thom referral hospital Kampong Thom province. The operation will held on June 5-9, 2012.

Patient can register on June 5, 2012 at 8:00am.
Tel: 012 737 878, 016 885 627, 090 844 441, 076 669 3171
Email: tmok@pperationsmile.org, sovanna.thong@operationsmile.org
Web: www.operationsmile.org.kh

3rd Case H5N1 Found

Another 10 years old girl died of H5N1

 Wednesday 30, 2012

World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a 10 years old Cambodian girl was infected by avian influenza virus, H5N1 and died on May 28, 2012. This is the 3rd case in this year,

Ministry of Health cooperated with WHO have announced on May 20, 2012. The infected girl, Im Sokhorn, had got high fever seriously cough since May 20, 2012 but had sent to Kantha Bopha hospital 5days later on May 25, 2012. The girl was tested positive of H5N1 by Institute Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC) on May 26, 2012.

Recently, there are reports about infected poultries and died in many villages and also have patients that are infected from this poultries by eating their flesh as meal.

The girl is from Baseth district, Kampong Speu province who is ths 21st of the infected patientsof this virus since 2003. She is the 3rd that infected by H5N1 in 2012 and 9th who died of this disease

A record from WHO said there are 357 patient who infected by this virus died since 2003. They noticed that this virus first found infected people in China, Vietnam and Indonesia. It also noticed that all are died after.

Link to first case, second case

Half Marathon running will be on June 17, 2012

Thursday 24, 2012

After has successfully organize the first round on 2011 the National Olympic Committee of Cambodia(NOCC) cooperate with related offices will hold the 2nd race for half marathon in Phnom Penh. The event will hold on June 17, 2012. Award or the winner are 1st will get 1500$, 2nd for 800$ and 3rd for 500$.

At the same time there will be a 10kh racing too. Award for this race are 1st will get 500$, 2nd for 300$ and 3rd for 100$.

For interested candidate who are in Phnom Penh can register for 9places and 1place in Battambang or can contact to the Olympic Office via tel: 023 211 358  or via emailRubenm@brigead.com/ kvannarin@yahoo.com.com.

For more information see the below:

Malaria Parasite Life Cycle

Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite

The malaria parasite requires specific human and mosquito to complete its life cycle. Once inside a human, the parasite develops and multiplies, causing periodic bouts of flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache, and chills. The developing parasites destroy red cells, which may cause death by severe anemia as well as by the clogging of capillaries that supply the brain or other vital organs with blood. The deadliest of the four species of the parasite is Plasmodium falciparum and Vivax, a species most likely to be transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

1. A female Anopheles mosquito carrying malaria-causing parasites feeds on a human and injects the parasites in the form of sporozoites into the bloodstream. The sporozoites travel to the liver and invade liver cells.
2. Over 5-16 days*, the sporozoites grow, divide, and produce tens of thousands of haploid forms, called merozoites, per liver cell. Some malaria parasite species remain dormant for extended periods in the liver, causing relapses weeks or months later.
3. The merozoites exit the liver cells and re-enter the bloodstream, beginning a cycle of invasion of red blood cells, asexual replication, and release of newly formed merozoites from the red blood cells repeatedly over 1-3 days*. This multiplication can result in thousands of parasite-infected cells in the host bloodstream, leading to illness and complications of malaria that can last for months if not treated.
4. Some of the merozoite-infected blood cells leave the cycle of asexual multiplication. Instead of replicating, the merozoites in these cells develop into sexual forms of the parasite, called male and female gametocytes, that circulate in the bloodstream. 
5. When a mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests the gametocytes. In the mosquito gut, the infected human blood cells burst, releasing the gametocytes, which develop further into mature sex cells called gametes. Male and female gametes fuse to form diploid zygotes, which develop into actively moving ookinetes that burrow into the mosquito midgut wall and form oocysts. 
6. Growth and division of each oocyst produces thousands of active haploid forms called sporozoites. After 8-15 days*, the oocyst bursts, releasing sporozoites into the body cavity of the mosquito, from which they travel to and invade the mosquito salivary glands. The cycle of human infection re-starts when the mosquito takes a blood meal, injecting the sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human bloodstream .

* Time-frame depends on the malaria parasite species. 

Plasmodium

Plasmodium is a genus of parasite infected on blood and known to spread by mosquito (Anophele types). Other genus of mosquito also carrier of malaria but not for other animals. There are about 200 genus kinds of plasmodium and 11 types infected humans. Other species infected other animals, monkeys, rodents, birds, and reptiles. The parasite always has hosts which is mosquito as a vector and a human, or animal host.

 Bellow are the picture of 5 genus of malaria parasite reported high risk to human:

Plasmodium Falciparum

Fig. 1:         Normal Red Cell

Fig. 2-10:    Young Trophozoites (Rings)

Fig. 11-18:   Trophozoites

Fig. 19-26:   Schizonts

Fig. 26:        Ruptured Schizonts

Fig. 27-28:   Mature Macrogametocytes (female)

Fig. 29-30:   Mature Microgametocutes (Male)

Plasmodium Vivax

Fig. 1:         Normal Red Cell

Fig. 2-6:      Young Trophozoites (Rings)

Fig. 7-18:    Trophozoites

Fig. 19-27:   Schizonts

Fig. 28-29:   Mature Macrogametocytes (female)

Fig. 30:        Mature Microgametocutes (Male)

 

Plasmodium Ovale

Fig. 1:          Normal Red Cell

Fig. 2-5:       Young Trophozoites (Rings)

Fig. 6-15:     Trophozoites

Fig. 16-23:    Schizonts

Fig. 24:         Mature Macrogametocytes (female)

Fig. 25:         Mature Microgametocutes (Male)

 

Plasmodium Malariae

Fig. 1:          Normal Red Cell

Fig. 2-5:      Young Trophozoites (Rings)

Fig. 6-13:     Trophozoites

Fig. 14-22:   Schizonts

Fig. 23:        Developing Gametocyte

Fig. 24:        Mature Macrogametocytes (female)

Fig. 25:        Mature Microgametocutes (Male)

Plasmodium Knowlesi

Fig. 1:          Normal Red Cell

Fig. 2-6:       Young Trophozoites (Rings)

Fig. 7-15:     Trophozoites

Fig. 16-23:   Schizonts

Fig. 24:        Mature Macrogametocytes (female)

Fig. 25:        Mature Microgametocutes (Male)